- 1939-1944 CE: Six million Jews are killed in the Holocaust, about 80% of European Jewry.
- 422 BCE (Traditional Jewish Date)/586 BCE (Modern Scholarship Date): Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem. First Temple destroyed.
- 70 CE: Romans destroy the Second Temple and about two million Jews are killed.
- 1429 BCE: The Hebrews are enslaved in Egypt.
- 555 BCE (Traditional Jewish Date)/722 BCE (Modern Scholarship Date): Northern Kingdom of Israel is conquered by the Assyrians. The “Ten Tribes” are exiled and lost.
- 1480-1492 CE: Spanish Inquisition begins in 1480, leading to the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492.
- 1348 CE: The Black Death begins in Europe and leads Europeans to massacre Jews due to their belief that the cause of the Black Death is the Jews.
- 796 BCE (Traditional Jewish Date)/930 BCE (Modern Scholarship Date): The United Kingdom of Israel splits into the Northern Kingdom of Israel and the Southern Kingdom of Judea
- 1144 CE: Jews are first accused of using blood from Christian babies for use in Jewish rituals (blood libel). Leads to widespread massacres.
- 1648-1667 CE: The Chmielnicki Massacre and its aftermath killed about 100,000 Polish and Ukrainian Jews.
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